Pb(II) Determination in a Single Drop Using a Modified Screen-Printed Electrode

This work presents the development and validation of an electroanalytical method for Pb(II) determination in a single drop. The electrochemical sensors used were unmodified screen-printed electrode (SPE) Bi-film SPE (BiFSPE). Anodic square wave stripping voltammetry (SWASV) was performed at accumulation potential −1.5 V vs. Ag/AgCl time 60 s. Electroanalysis with did not yield satisfactory results, whereas BiFSPE much better analysis method. linear concentration using range 138.8–162.5 µg/L. accuracy precision evaluated different spiked concentrations, but neither accurate nor precise. Using BiFSPE, found to be both precise 140.0 μg/L, recovery relative standard deviation (RSD) 106.6% 12.1%, respectively. In addition, LOD LOQ values 1.2 μg/L 3.3 obtained, possible interference effect on signal checked presence Cd(II), Zn(II), Cu(II), Sn(IV), Sb(III), Hg(II), Fe(III), As(V), K(I), I−, Ca(II), NO3−. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements also BiFSPE. application drop tested by real water sample analysis.